Signs of Sensory Issues Associated with Autism

Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC), formerly known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), encompasses a range of neurodevelopmental conditions characterised by differences in social interaction, communication, interests, and sensory processing. One of the less discussed but equally important aspects of ASC is sensory difficulties. Recognising these signs is crucial for providing appropriate support and interventions.

What are Sensory Difficulties?

Sensory difficulties in individuals with ASC refer to atypical responses to sensory stimuli. This can involve being overly sensitive (hypersensitivity) or under-responsive (hyposensitivity) to sensory inputs from the environment. These inputs can be visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory, proprioceptive (sense of body position), or vestibular (sense of balance).

This means that many people who are autistic have different sensory experiences. They might feel too much or too little of certain things that they see, hear, smell or touch. This often affects their mood, as it can make them happy, upset or uneasy. 

A person who has trouble processing sensory information every day can experience sensory overload, or information overload. Too much information can make them feel stressed, anxious, and maybe even physical pain. This can make them withdraw, act in a distressed way or have meltdowns.

What are the common Signs of Sensory Difficulties in autism?

Sometimes understanding behaviours that are related to sensory differences is not straight forward, but some of the most common signs are:

• Becoming overwhelmed by Sensory Inputs: A person might find loud noises, bright lights, or crowded places overwhelming. This can lead to distress, anxiety, or avoidance behaviours.

• Having unusual Interest in Sensory Aspects of the Environment: Some individuals may have a heightened focus on specific sensory experiences, such as flickering lights, certain textures, or specific sounds.

• Difficulty with Complex Sensory Environments: Challenges in processing multiple sensory inputs at once can make environments like shopping malls or busy streets particularly stressful.

• Physical Responses to Sensory Inputs: This could include covering ears to loud sounds, squinting in bright light, or gagging at certain tastes or smells.

• Seeking or Avoiding Certain Sensory Experiences: An individual may seek out certain sensory experiences (like deep pressure) or avoid others (like light touch).

• Unusual Body Movements: This may include rocking, flapping hands, or spinning, which can be ways of self-regulating sensory input.

• Difficulty with Balance and Spatial Orientation: Challenges in vestibular or proprioceptive processing can lead to difficulties in tasks that require balance or understanding where one’s body is in space.

How to support individuals with sensory differences?

Sensory differences can change how they act and feel and can make a big difference in a person’s life. It can be hard for people who are autistic to handle the sensory information they get every day. Sometimes they may feel too much or too little of their senses, or both, at different times. 

• Create a Sensory-Friendly Environment: This might involve reducing noise levels, adjusting lighting, or creating quiet zones.
• Sensory Integration Therapy: Occupational therapy focusing on sensory integration can help individuals better process and respond to sensory inputs.
• Use of Sensory Tools: Tools like weighted blankets, noise-cancelling headphones, or textured objects can provide comfort and support.
• Personalised Strategies: Each individual's sensory needs are unique. Tailoring strategies to their specific needs can be more effective.
• Education and Awareness: Educating family members, educators, and peers about sensory difficulties can foster a more understanding and supportive environment.

To find out more about strategies to support a child or adult with sensory needs, please read our blog post - Supporting Individuals with Sensory Difficulties and Autism: A Guide to Empathy and Inclusion.

Conclusion

Recognising and understanding sensory difficulties in individuals with ASC is essential for their well-being. It allows for the creation of supportive environments and the implementation of strategies that can significantly improve their quality of life. As awareness of ASC grows, so does the understanding of its sensory aspects, paving the way for more inclusive and empathetic approaches to care and support.

A consultation with a specialist occupational therapist is often advised. Check how we can help with sensory difficulties here.